King Billy Ireland

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King Billy Ireland

William III, byname William of Orange, also called William Henry, prince of Orange, Dutch Willem Hendrik, prins van Oranje, (born November 14 [November 4, Old Style], 1650, The Hague, Netherlands—died March 19 [March 8], 1702, London, England), stadholder of the United Provinces of the Netherlands as William III (1672–1702) and king of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1689–1702), reigning jointly with Queen Mary II (until her death in 1694). He directed the European opposition to Louis XIV of France and, in Great Britain, secured the triumph of Protestantism and of Parliament.

Early life

The son of William II, prince of Orange, and of Mary, the daughter of Charles I of England, William was born at The Hague in November 1650, eight days after his father's death. As stadholder of five of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, William II had recently incurred the enmity of a powerful minority of a republican oligarchy that dominated the province of Holland and the city of Amsterdam. After his death this party determined to exclude the house of Orange from power, and the Act of Seclusion (1654) debarred the prince of Orange and his descendants from holding office in the state.

William III's education, nevertheless, was, from the first, the training of a ruler. Contemporaries agree that he was a boy of great vivacity and charm, but frequent quarrels between his mother and his paternal grandmother disturbed his childhood and may have helped to breed the habit of reserve that was intensified by the difficulties of his later life. In 1660, after his uncle Charles II'srestoration to the English throne, the Act of Seclusion was rescinded. Shortly afterward his mother died, leaving him to the guardianship of his grandmother and of his uncle Frederick William, elector of Brandenburg.

Early in 1666 he was made a ward of the States General, the representative assembly of the United Provinces. Under Johan de Witt, the grand pensionary of Holland, he acquired a specialized knowledge of public business. His exceptional promise and the popular devotion he had inherited made it impossible to deny him all advancement, but the Perpetual Edict (1667) decreed that the offices of stadholder and captain general, formerly held simultaneously by the princes of Orange, should never again be held by the same person.

Stadholder

County Kings Ireland

In 1671 it became clear that Louis XIV of France and Charles II of England were planning a joint attack on the United Provinces, and demands for William's appointment as captain general became insistent. He was appointed in February 1672, though at first with very limited authority. In March and April Charles and Louis declared war, and in June French troops crossed the Rhine River and overran three provinces in as many weeks. The Dutch navy was able to hold the English in check, but the army had been neglected and was ill-trained and ill-equipped. As a last expedient the polders, or low-lying areas, were flooded, and William, with his few unseasoned troops, was left to defend the 'water line.'

Panic broke out in the country, and there were angry demands for the prince's elevation to the stadholderate. The few dissenters were overruled, and on July 8 (New Style) he was proclaimed stadholder by the States General, later ratified by the provincial estates of the occupied provinces. One of his first acts, done with the States' approval, was to refuse the ruinous peace terms offered by the two kings. Civil disorders, however, were not over. On August 20 Johan de Witt and his brother, who were unjustly suspected of treachery, were murdered by an infuriated mob at The Hague. William was in no way implicated in the crime and was enraged when he heard of it, but, because of the number of the murderers and perhaps because of the general revolutionary situation, he failed to bring them to justice.

In a few weeks the country settled down and for a year held out almost alone. In the autumn of 1672 William had enlisted the aid of the Holy Roman emperor Leopold I and the elector of Brandenburg, and in 1673 Spain joined the alliance, but their help was not immediately effective. William, meanwhile, was steadily rebuilding his army and in September 1673 recaptured the key fortress of Naarden. He then moved swiftly into the territory of Cologne, joined his forces to those of the emperor, and on November 12 captured Bonn. The French, threatened with encirclement, hurriedly evacuated the United Provinces. Charles II and Louis's minor allies were forced to make peace early in 1674. Louis's Dutch adventure had failed and had turned half of Europe against him, but he still held many places in Germany and the Spanish Netherlands, so the war continued and spread into remoter parts of the continent. William's chief concern for the next four years was the command of the Dutch armies in Flanders, though Dutch domestic affairs and repeated attempts to find an acceptable peace formula took much of his time. Peace was finally made by a series of treaties in 1678 and 1679.

born

November 14, 1650
The Hague, Netherlands

died

March 19, 1702 (aged 51)
London, England

• king, Ireland (1689-1702)
• king, Scotland (1689-1702)
• king, England (1689-1702)
• stadtholder, Dutch Republic (1672-1702)

role in

house / dynasty

• spouse Mary II
• father William II
• mother Mary of Orange

by Wendy Pflug, Associate Curator for Collections

In 2019, the Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum at the Ohio State University acquired the papers and artwork from the late Vernon E. Grant. Vernon Ethelbert Grant (also known as Vern Grant) was born February 14, 1935. Grant was an early appreciator of Japanese manga and wrote about Lone Wolf and Cub for publications as early as the 1970s. He was also a cartoonist who did several strips for the military newspaper Stars and Stripes, created a science fiction graphic novel series called The Love Rangers, and self-published many of his works.

Original art for The Love Rangers by Vernon E. Grant

Through a generous donation from his widow, Betsy Reese Grant, we have procured a collection of his papers and his published and unpublished cartoon work. When asked about her motivation for donating the collection, Betsy remarked: 'My primary reason for choosing the Billy Ireland Cartoon Library and Museum was because it was highly recommended by the late Bhob Stewart of Massachusetts, artist and comics expert, who always gave me excellent advice on how to perpetuate Vernon's legacy. Once I started talking with Wendy Pflug and Jenny Robb, I was very impressed with their depth of knowledge of cartoons and their deep concern for preserving them in history, and it made the final decision easy.'

Grant served three army tours in Japan and Vietnam in the 1960s and contributed numerous cartoons for the Pacific edition of Stars and Stripes, including three comic strips about life in the military: Grant's Heroes, A Grant Time in Japan, and Grant's Grunts. After leaving the Army in 1968 he enrolled as a student at Sophia University in Tokyo and continued to draw cartoons for English language newspapers. He received his Bachelor of Arts from Sophia University in 1970 and frequently wrote about manga. He is a pioneer in introducing Japanese concepts to U.S. audiences. Manga's influence can be seen in Vernon's 1972 work A Monster is Loose!- In Tokyo, a humorous look at the life of a foreigner in Japan. He also self-published a book of his single panel cartoons, Stand By One! and a series of three books about life in U.S. Army featuring his character Point-Man Palmer, all of which are found in the collection.

Our editors will review what you've submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

King Billy Ireland

William III, byname William of Orange, also called William Henry, prince of Orange, Dutch Willem Hendrik, prins van Oranje, (born November 14 [November 4, Old Style], 1650, The Hague, Netherlands—died March 19 [March 8], 1702, London, England), stadholder of the United Provinces of the Netherlands as William III (1672–1702) and king of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1689–1702), reigning jointly with Queen Mary II (until her death in 1694). He directed the European opposition to Louis XIV of France and, in Great Britain, secured the triumph of Protestantism and of Parliament.

Early life

The son of William II, prince of Orange, and of Mary, the daughter of Charles I of England, William was born at The Hague in November 1650, eight days after his father's death. As stadholder of five of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, William II had recently incurred the enmity of a powerful minority of a republican oligarchy that dominated the province of Holland and the city of Amsterdam. After his death this party determined to exclude the house of Orange from power, and the Act of Seclusion (1654) debarred the prince of Orange and his descendants from holding office in the state.

William III's education, nevertheless, was, from the first, the training of a ruler. Contemporaries agree that he was a boy of great vivacity and charm, but frequent quarrels between his mother and his paternal grandmother disturbed his childhood and may have helped to breed the habit of reserve that was intensified by the difficulties of his later life. In 1660, after his uncle Charles II'srestoration to the English throne, the Act of Seclusion was rescinded. Shortly afterward his mother died, leaving him to the guardianship of his grandmother and of his uncle Frederick William, elector of Brandenburg.

Early in 1666 he was made a ward of the States General, the representative assembly of the United Provinces. Under Johan de Witt, the grand pensionary of Holland, he acquired a specialized knowledge of public business. His exceptional promise and the popular devotion he had inherited made it impossible to deny him all advancement, but the Perpetual Edict (1667) decreed that the offices of stadholder and captain general, formerly held simultaneously by the princes of Orange, should never again be held by the same person.

Stadholder

County Kings Ireland

In 1671 it became clear that Louis XIV of France and Charles II of England were planning a joint attack on the United Provinces, and demands for William's appointment as captain general became insistent. He was appointed in February 1672, though at first with very limited authority. In March and April Charles and Louis declared war, and in June French troops crossed the Rhine River and overran three provinces in as many weeks. The Dutch navy was able to hold the English in check, but the army had been neglected and was ill-trained and ill-equipped. As a last expedient the polders, or low-lying areas, were flooded, and William, with his few unseasoned troops, was left to defend the 'water line.'

Panic broke out in the country, and there were angry demands for the prince's elevation to the stadholderate. The few dissenters were overruled, and on July 8 (New Style) he was proclaimed stadholder by the States General, later ratified by the provincial estates of the occupied provinces. One of his first acts, done with the States' approval, was to refuse the ruinous peace terms offered by the two kings. Civil disorders, however, were not over. On August 20 Johan de Witt and his brother, who were unjustly suspected of treachery, were murdered by an infuriated mob at The Hague. William was in no way implicated in the crime and was enraged when he heard of it, but, because of the number of the murderers and perhaps because of the general revolutionary situation, he failed to bring them to justice.

In a few weeks the country settled down and for a year held out almost alone. In the autumn of 1672 William had enlisted the aid of the Holy Roman emperor Leopold I and the elector of Brandenburg, and in 1673 Spain joined the alliance, but their help was not immediately effective. William, meanwhile, was steadily rebuilding his army and in September 1673 recaptured the key fortress of Naarden. He then moved swiftly into the territory of Cologne, joined his forces to those of the emperor, and on November 12 captured Bonn. The French, threatened with encirclement, hurriedly evacuated the United Provinces. Charles II and Louis's minor allies were forced to make peace early in 1674. Louis's Dutch adventure had failed and had turned half of Europe against him, but he still held many places in Germany and the Spanish Netherlands, so the war continued and spread into remoter parts of the continent. William's chief concern for the next four years was the command of the Dutch armies in Flanders, though Dutch domestic affairs and repeated attempts to find an acceptable peace formula took much of his time. Peace was finally made by a series of treaties in 1678 and 1679.

born

November 14, 1650
The Hague, Netherlands

died

March 19, 1702 (aged 51)
London, England

• king, Ireland (1689-1702)
• king, Scotland (1689-1702)
• king, England (1689-1702)
• stadtholder, Dutch Republic (1672-1702)

role in

house / dynasty

• spouse Mary II
• father William II
• mother Mary of Orange

by Wendy Pflug, Associate Curator for Collections

In 2019, the Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum at the Ohio State University acquired the papers and artwork from the late Vernon E. Grant. Vernon Ethelbert Grant (also known as Vern Grant) was born February 14, 1935. Grant was an early appreciator of Japanese manga and wrote about Lone Wolf and Cub for publications as early as the 1970s. He was also a cartoonist who did several strips for the military newspaper Stars and Stripes, created a science fiction graphic novel series called The Love Rangers, and self-published many of his works.

Original art for The Love Rangers by Vernon E. Grant

Through a generous donation from his widow, Betsy Reese Grant, we have procured a collection of his papers and his published and unpublished cartoon work. When asked about her motivation for donating the collection, Betsy remarked: 'My primary reason for choosing the Billy Ireland Cartoon Library and Museum was because it was highly recommended by the late Bhob Stewart of Massachusetts, artist and comics expert, who always gave me excellent advice on how to perpetuate Vernon's legacy. Once I started talking with Wendy Pflug and Jenny Robb, I was very impressed with their depth of knowledge of cartoons and their deep concern for preserving them in history, and it made the final decision easy.'

Grant served three army tours in Japan and Vietnam in the 1960s and contributed numerous cartoons for the Pacific edition of Stars and Stripes, including three comic strips about life in the military: Grant's Heroes, A Grant Time in Japan, and Grant's Grunts. After leaving the Army in 1968 he enrolled as a student at Sophia University in Tokyo and continued to draw cartoons for English language newspapers. He received his Bachelor of Arts from Sophia University in 1970 and frequently wrote about manga. He is a pioneer in introducing Japanese concepts to U.S. audiences. Manga's influence can be seen in Vernon's 1972 work A Monster is Loose!- In Tokyo, a humorous look at the life of a foreigner in Japan. He also self-published a book of his single panel cartoons, Stand By One! and a series of three books about life in U.S. Army featuring his character Point-Man Palmer, all of which are found in the collection.

'Well Terwilliger…How does it feel to make aviation history?'

…Due to a slight error in the request transmission, the Pentagon has sent us the wrong type of guerrilla expert!…

Grant returned to Cambridge, Massachusetts with his wife Betsy in 1973, where he began work on his science fiction graphic novel The Love Rangers. Grant's wartime experience in Vietnam influenced the creation of this series, which features a racially mixed space crew traveling through the universe to promote peaceful change through the use of love. Our holdings include original artwork from The Love Rangers (1977-1988) and documentation of Grant's efforts to self-publish and distribute the books.

Original Art for The Love Rangers by Vernon E. Grant

'The materials in this amazing collection document Vernon Grant's imagination, humor, and talent spanning decades. The materials deal with diverse themes including love, military life, appreciation of manga, the expatriate experience in Japan, and science fiction,' says curator Jenny Robb. 'We are very fortunate to have this extraordinary body of work from an early pioneer of the self-publishing movement. His work, while often humorous also shows a serious side, conveying Grant's philosophy of the ability of love to transform hate and negativity. We are grateful to Betsy Grant for sharing these treasures with us and the world.'

Billy Ireland Cartoon

For more information about this collection, contact us at cartoons@osu.edu.

About the Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum: The BICLM is one of The Ohio State University Libraries' special collections. Its primary mission is to develop a comprehensive research collection of materials documenting American printed cartoon art (editorial cartoons, comic strips, comic books, graphic novels, sports cartoons, and magazine cartoons) and to provide access to these collections. The BICLM recently moved into its newly-renovated 30,000 sq. ft. facility that includes a museum with three exhibition galleries, a reading room for researchers and a state-of-the-art collections storage space. The library reading room is open Monday-Friday 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. and Sunday 1 p.m. to 5 p.m. The Museum is open Tuesday-Sunday from 1 – 5 p.m. See http://cartoons.osu.edu/ for further information.

The Ohio State University Libraries

Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum
Contact: Caitlin McGurk
Sullivant Hall
1813 N. High St
Columbus, OH 43210

614-292-0538 Phone
614-292-9101 Fax